if he is unnecessary, how did life begin?
did he or did he not say the quotes i attributed to him? so, how am i reading something that isn't there? so, darwin says we should find a finely graduated organic chain in one breath and then says, oh wait.... ????
the development of two completely new systems that serve no purpose whatsoever by themselves does require simultaneous mutations or they would have been removed by evolution because they are "nonviable"
and, NO, the evidence is just as suggestive of design as it is for evolution. you, yourself, have dismissed the idea of design because it is not scientifically testable (and because you reject the idea of a god). maybe not, but by observation we can conclude logically that things have a design.... if my 2 year old types on my keyboard and there is a word that appears out of a hundred letters typed, would you be surprised that it was random? of course not. however, if he typed a paragraph that was grammatically correct, you'd call me a liar if i said he typed it. what's the difference? we can look at the information and conclude that it was not by accident that the paragraph came to be. the world is vastly complex.... aside from the creatures in it, there are a lot of factors that had to be "just so" to have life here. the probability of all those taking place is beyond astronomical. So, it's like the paragraph.... Did this "grammatically correct paragraph" come into existence by chance or was it designed???