I agree with Earle in that foreign relations isn’t a one-style-fits-all proposition.
When the opposite side doesn’t present a physical or economic threat, you tend to deal with them in a moralistic way…right vs. wrong, with that distinction defined in 10-year-old Sunday School.
When the opposite side presents a threat, and is rattling the saber, you handle them with either the threat of force, or force itself. Which, to maintain credibility, necessarily implies the occasional use of force.
Side Note: This is one of many places where Putin failed. He threatened nukes several times early on in the War for Ukraine, but followed up on none. Just kept re-drawing the line in the sand. While I freely admit to being unnerved at the time, his threats of nuclear war are no longer credible.
Even if I’m wrong and Putin decides to lob a nuke somewhere (major city or trackless uninhabited land doesn’t matter), the West has shown the ability to shoot down his “invincible” hypersonic missiles….and did it with weapons systems operated by crews with a few months training.
Think NATO’s true professionals can shoot down an ill-maintained Soviet-era ICBM? I do.
There’s a big space between the opponent being (1) neither an economic nor physical threat, and (2) a no-foolin’ existential threat. So you size your own saber-rattling and/or actual use of force according to where the opponent falls in the continuum.
The population has to trust its leaders to make that judgment call. So it needs to choose them carefully.
And it always, always, always pays to have 10x anybody else’s force.