Michigan is a different place than Alabama. They will tolerate a coach losing one or two games a year even if one of those is to Ohio State. Ohio State is similar. Look how long John Cooper stayed there and he struggled immensely to beat Michigan and also to win bowl games. Of course, a lot has changed with the Rose Bowl. It used to be that as long as they won the Big Ten and played in the Rose Bowl, they were happy. Well that's kind of gone now. And if they lose to Ohio State, they may or may not still go to the Rose Bowl. I guess it depends if Ohio State goes on to win the Big Ten and get in the playoffs. That would likely send Michigan to the Rose Bowl.
Ultimately no, Harbaugh is not getting fired this year. I think they'd stay with him for a long time if he could churn out 10-2 seasons every year with a win against OSU sprinkled in there every now and then. Eventually, he will have to beat them, but for this year he is safe.