And that gratuitous explanation has never been accepted by the courts...You don't go ex post facto. You simply apply it moving forward. This is the outcome I expected. The original intent was to take care of the freed slaves as they should have, but has been extended over time as many things are to include a much broader group. It all boils down to the "subject to the jurisdiction thereof". The interesting piece of for me comes from the debate over the amendment.
During Senate debates, Senator Jacob Howard (the floor manager who introduced the clause) said this:
