The semantic argument in your first paragraph is silly. But regardless, why is conception the magical moment? You've argued only that this definition is convenient to your argument. Convenience can hardly be a firm ethical foundation.
The
potential to life is not morally equivalent to a life that exists in fact. A developing fetus is incapable of life outside its mother (with a caveat being that technology is always enabling this to occur sooner), and is thus an integral part of her until it achieves its independence. Thus, I would argue that the right to autonomy of the woman outweighs the potential autonomy of the fetus, and that abortion is justifiable in that sense. Mary Anne Warren's
On the Moral and Legal Status of Abortion hits the "potential to life" argument in section 4 of her essay.
Yet it can't breathe on its own. You can't pick and choose vital systems in your argument, as all are necessary for life.
I got a little off of my argument in my response. I was initially simply answering his question as to when I believe "life" begins. My argument is not as to when "life" begins, but the viable possibility of life.
I like that link you gave, it's a good read. From the section you referenced:
Still, we do not need to insist that a potential person has no right to life whatever. There may well be something immoral, and not just imprudent, about wantonly destroying potential people, when doing so isn't necessary to protect anyone's rights. But even if a potential person does have some prima facie right to life, such a right could not possibly outweigh the right of a woman to obtain an abortion, since the rights of any actual person invariably outweigh those of any potential person, whenever the two conflict.
Using this line of reasoning, you must determine whether a mother's right supersedes the baby's right to life. I would agree that the mother's right to live outweighs the baby's (potential person's) right to live. However, I think it is a difficult stretch to say that a mother's right to avoid the consequences of her actions and/or not be burdened with a child outweigh that child's right to live.
No, an unborn fetus (at least early in the pregnancy) cannot live outside the mother's body, but it can live.
By aborting you are taking away that chance at life. Excepting the handful in a million cases where the mother's life is at risk, you are placing your wants and desires above that child's right to live. You are stating that your convenience, or your right to choose, is more important than the life that child could have. The right for you to take away life is worth more than the contributions that life could provide.
From the link you provided, here is her conclusion for that argument:
Thus, neither a fetus's resemblance to a person, nor its potential for becoming a person provides any basis whatever for the claim that it has any significant right to life. Consequently, a woman's right to protect her health, happiness, freedom, and even her life,' by terminating an unwanted pregnancy, will always override whatever right to life it may be appropriate to ascribe to a fetus, even a fully developed one. And thus, in the absence of any overwhelming social need for every possible child, the laws which restrict the right to obtain an abortion, or limit the period of pregnancy during which an abortion may be performed, are a wholly unjustified violation of a woman's most basic moral and constitutional rights.
I'll give you health. When you are making a choice between your life and someone else's, you can't blame someone for choosing their own. However, her argument is that a mother's right to happiness and freedom is more important that the baby's right to live.
For one, I have trouble seeing how having a baby versus aborting is necessarily a violation of her right to happiness or freedom. If her happiness is affected by having an unplanned pregnancy, well let's look at that. Is it because of having to care for a baby? She can give it up for adoption, so that's a very weak argument. Is it because she is pregnant or will give birth due to an unplanned pregnancy? Excepting rape cases, the choice was hers as to whether or not to have sex, and that is the choice that affected her happiness. The baby didn't just magically appear in her womb, it is a direct result of her actions. The choice, in that case, for abortion is a statement that the mother not having to deal with the consequences of her actions is more important than the life that baby could live.
As for freedom, if it is a result of her choice of actions, the only real argument you can make is that the government is making a decision as to what a woman can and cannot do with her body. There are two problems with this argument. One, it is not just her body, it is her body and the life that is growing within her body. Second, it is a responsibility of the government to protect the rights of the people, or the lives, they govern. The decision is not whether or not a woman has a right to choose, but rather what the rights of the unborn child are.
I believe that an unborn child should have as much of a right to live as a newborn child, as their potential for living a productive life is the same. They will both continue to grow and live until life is snuffed out of them.
Taking a life is taking a life, that is not the issue. There is a difference between cold-blooded murder, involuntary manslaughter, and killing someone in self defense. That is why we have laws governing these instances.
Aborting is taking a life. Taking a life, taking away life, taking away a chance at life - these are semantically different but functionally the same. We make semantic differences because we want to treat them differently, and that's it. Taking a life is taking a life, the end result is that a life is gone.
And over a million times a year, a life is taken away from a child out of pure convenience.
In my opinion, once life is conceived, it has a right to live. If it is a direct result of your choices, then it is merely the consequences of your own actions. If it is not a direct result of your choices, then that's not fair for you. You don't have a right to a fair life. Life just isn't fair.
The question is when do we, as a society, decide that taking a life is acceptable. If I walk down the street and shoot the first guy that ticks me off in the chest and kill him, then I've taken a life. If he was breaking into my house and threatening me and/or my family and I shot him in the chest and killed him, then I've taken a life. The only difference is that, in our society, one is acceptable because we call it self-defense instead of murder.
And at this time taking a life from a newborn baby is different from taking that same life from a fetus just because we call it a fetus instead of a baby. The end result is the same: you've taken away the opportunity for that life to live and possibly have a happy, productive life.